How Osteoarthritis Increases Fall and Fracture Risks: Key Insights and Prevention Strategies

November 10, 2024
5
min read

Summary

This research, published in Arthritis Research & Therapy, explores how osteoarthritis (OA), particularly in the knees and hips, increases the risk of falls and fractures in older adults. The meta-analysis synthesizes data from multiple studies and shows a clear association between symptomatic OA and a heightened risk of both recurrent falls and fractures. The study emphasizes the importance of fall prevention strategies for those with OA, including exercise interventions that enhance balance and strength.

Research background and method

Osteoarthritis is a prevalent condition, particularly among older adults, affecting the joints and causing pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Because OA impacts physical function, it also contributes to an increased risk of falls, a leading cause of injury and mortality among older adults. However, the relationship between OA and fall risk had not been conclusively established.

To address this gap, the researchers conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. They reviewed 17 studies involving over 860,000 participants. The studies included data from both symptomatic and radiographic knee and hip OA, assessing the likelihood of falls and fractures. The researchers employed statistical methods to pool the data and ensure accurate risk assessment by controlling for potential confounding variables.

This study used a systematic review and meta-analysis of 17 studies (860,000+ participants) to assess fall and fracture risk in those with knee and hip OA, controlling for confounding factors.

Explanation of findings

The study found that older people with arthritis in their knees or hips are more likely to fall than those without arthritis. This is especially true for people who have painful arthritis, which affects their balance and makes it harder for them to move around safely. The researchers looked at many studies and found that arthritis in the knees or hips makes falls more likely. People with arthritis in these joints are also more likely to break bones when they fall.

Here’s a breakdown of the main findings:

  • Knee osteoarthritis: Those with knee arthritis were at higher risk of falling multiple times (recurrent falls), though the risk of one-time falls or fractures wasn’t significantly higher than non-arthritis patients.
  • Hip osteoarthritis: Hip arthritis was associated with a much higher chance of both falls and fractures.

This study suggests that managing arthritis pain and improving strength and balance can help reduce the risk of falls for these individuals.

Actionable takeaways

  • Exercise Interventions are Key: People with arthritis should engage in exercises that focus on strengthening the legs, improving balance, and increasing flexibility. Activities like Tai Chi, balance training, and strength exercises can be very beneficial in reducing the risk of falls.
  • Pain Management is Essential: Reducing arthritis pain through medications or therapies can improve mobility and decrease fall risks. People living with arthritis should work closely with healthcare providers to manage pain effectively.
  • Home Safety Modifications: Since falls can be a serious issue, especially for those with hip or knee arthritis, it’s important to make homes safer. This could include installing grab bars, ensuring proper lighting, and removing tripping hazards like loose rugs.
  • Regular Fall Risk Assessments: Individuals with arthritis should undergo periodic fall risk assessments, especially as they age. Doctors can use tools like the Falls Risk for Older People in the Community (FROP-Com) to gauge and mitigate risks.
  • Awareness of Fracture Risk: Healthcare providers should monitor bone health in patients with arthritis. Ensuring adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, along with potential treatments for osteoporosis, can help reduce the risk of fractures.
  • Conclusion

    This study highlights a critical connection between osteoarthritis and an increased risk of falls and fractures. With arthritis being common among older adults, it’s crucial to adopt a proactive approach to fall prevention. Strategies like exercise, pain management, and home modifications can play a vital role in helping individuals with OA maintain their mobility and reduce the likelihood of serious injuries from falls.

    Reference

    Zhang, Y., Li, X., Wang, Y. et al. Association of knee and hip osteoarthritis with the risk of falls and fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Res Ther25, 184 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-023-03179-4

    Related links and resources

  • CDC Guidelines on Fall Prevention: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention offer guidelines and resources on preventing falls in older adults.
  • Arthritis Foundation – Fall Prevention Tips: Tips from the Arthritis Foundation on how to prevent falls in those living with arthritis.
  • Tai Chi for Arthritis and Fall Prevention: A guide to Tai Chi exercises designed to help with balance, strength, and fall prevention in people with arthritis.
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